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Comparative Study of Phytochemical and Nutrient Contents of Various Parts of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’ Rorke) Baill. and Irvingia wombolu Vermoesen

Received: 17 August 2016     Accepted: 8 September 2016     Published: 11 October 2016
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Abstract

The phytochemical and nutrient constituents of seed, leaf, stem bark and root bark of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’Rorke) Baill. and I. wombolu Vermoesen were determined and compared with a view to providing additional taxonomic characters for differentiating between the two species, and to supply useful information that would lead to increased utilization of parts of these species in ethnobotany as food and drug. Significant difference was established at p<0.05. The phytochemical analysis of Irvingia gabonensis revealed the greatest levels of alkaloid, anthraquinone, flavonoid, saponin and sterol in stem bark at 2.78±0.02%, 3.17±0.01%, 1.17±0.01%, 0.91±0.01% and 0.25±0.00% respectively; hydrogen cyanide and tannin in seed at 4.78±0.03 mg/kg and 1.25±0.00% respectively while terpenoid in the leaf was 0.45±0.00%. Least values of alkaloid, saponin, sterol, tannin and terpenoid were found in the root bark of I. wombolu at these values: 0.93±0.01%, 0.56±0.04%, 0.05±0.00%, 0.78±0.02% and 0.13±0.01% respectively. Nutrient determination of I. gabonensis and I. wombolu had carbohydrate as the highest nutrient with 68.44+0.04% in the root bark and 56.86±0.47% in the stem bark while lowest fat content was present in the root bark of I. gabonensis and stem bark of I. wombolu at 1.45±0.02% and 1.65±0.00% respectively. It was also observed that the seeds of Irvingia gabonensis and I. wombolu contained high percentage of crude protein at 17.43±0.03% and 16.61±0.01% respectively. These chemical characters could be applied as additional taxonomic parameters in distinguishing between these two species of Irvingia. In addition, the findings have shown that these various parts of both species could be useful in pharmaceutical preparations and ethnobotany as food and drug.

Published in International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.11
Page(s) 10-14
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Alkaloid, Anthraquinone, Chemical Characters, Fibre, Nutritional Composition, Protein

References
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    Chinelo Anthonia Ezeabara, Ezeani Darlington Somtochukwu. (2016). Comparative Study of Phytochemical and Nutrient Contents of Various Parts of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’ Rorke) Baill. and Irvingia wombolu Vermoesen. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2(2), 10-14. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.11

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    Chinelo Anthonia Ezeabara; Ezeani Darlington Somtochukwu. Comparative Study of Phytochemical and Nutrient Contents of Various Parts of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’ Rorke) Baill. and Irvingia wombolu Vermoesen. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. 2016, 2(2), 10-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.11

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    AMA Style

    Chinelo Anthonia Ezeabara, Ezeani Darlington Somtochukwu. Comparative Study of Phytochemical and Nutrient Contents of Various Parts of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’ Rorke) Baill. and Irvingia wombolu Vermoesen. Int J Pharm Chem. 2016;2(2):10-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.11,
      author = {Chinelo Anthonia Ezeabara and Ezeani Darlington Somtochukwu},
      title = {Comparative Study of Phytochemical and Nutrient Contents of Various Parts of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’ Rorke) Baill. and Irvingia wombolu Vermoesen},
      journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
      volume = {2},
      number = {2},
      pages = {10-14},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20160202.11},
      abstract = {The phytochemical and nutrient constituents of seed, leaf, stem bark and root bark of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’Rorke) Baill. and I. wombolu Vermoesen were determined and compared with a view to providing additional taxonomic characters for differentiating between the two species, and to supply useful information that would lead to increased utilization of parts of these species in ethnobotany as food and drug. Significant difference was established at pIrvingia gabonensis revealed the greatest levels of alkaloid, anthraquinone, flavonoid, saponin and sterol in stem bark at 2.78±0.02%, 3.17±0.01%, 1.17±0.01%, 0.91±0.01% and 0.25±0.00% respectively; hydrogen cyanide and tannin in seed at 4.78±0.03 mg/kg and 1.25±0.00% respectively while terpenoid in the leaf was 0.45±0.00%. Least values of alkaloid, saponin, sterol, tannin and terpenoid were found in the root bark of I. wombolu at these values: 0.93±0.01%, 0.56±0.04%, 0.05±0.00%, 0.78±0.02% and 0.13±0.01% respectively. Nutrient determination of I. gabonensis and I. wombolu had carbohydrate as the highest nutrient with 68.44+0.04% in the root bark and 56.86±0.47% in the stem bark while lowest fat content was present in the root bark of I. gabonensis and stem bark of I. wombolu at 1.45±0.02% and 1.65±0.00% respectively. It was also observed that the seeds of Irvingia gabonensis and I. wombolu contained high percentage of crude protein at 17.43±0.03% and 16.61±0.01% respectively. These chemical characters could be applied as additional taxonomic parameters in distinguishing between these two species of Irvingia. In addition, the findings have shown that these various parts of both species could be useful in pharmaceutical preparations and ethnobotany as food and drug.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Comparative Study of Phytochemical and Nutrient Contents of Various Parts of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’ Rorke) Baill. and Irvingia wombolu Vermoesen
    AU  - Chinelo Anthonia Ezeabara
    AU  - Ezeani Darlington Somtochukwu
    Y1  - 2016/10/11
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.11
    T2  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
    JF  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
    JO  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
    SP  - 10
    EP  - 14
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-5749
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20160202.11
    AB  - The phytochemical and nutrient constituents of seed, leaf, stem bark and root bark of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’Rorke) Baill. and I. wombolu Vermoesen were determined and compared with a view to providing additional taxonomic characters for differentiating between the two species, and to supply useful information that would lead to increased utilization of parts of these species in ethnobotany as food and drug. Significant difference was established at pIrvingia gabonensis revealed the greatest levels of alkaloid, anthraquinone, flavonoid, saponin and sterol in stem bark at 2.78±0.02%, 3.17±0.01%, 1.17±0.01%, 0.91±0.01% and 0.25±0.00% respectively; hydrogen cyanide and tannin in seed at 4.78±0.03 mg/kg and 1.25±0.00% respectively while terpenoid in the leaf was 0.45±0.00%. Least values of alkaloid, saponin, sterol, tannin and terpenoid were found in the root bark of I. wombolu at these values: 0.93±0.01%, 0.56±0.04%, 0.05±0.00%, 0.78±0.02% and 0.13±0.01% respectively. Nutrient determination of I. gabonensis and I. wombolu had carbohydrate as the highest nutrient with 68.44+0.04% in the root bark and 56.86±0.47% in the stem bark while lowest fat content was present in the root bark of I. gabonensis and stem bark of I. wombolu at 1.45±0.02% and 1.65±0.00% respectively. It was also observed that the seeds of Irvingia gabonensis and I. wombolu contained high percentage of crude protein at 17.43±0.03% and 16.61±0.01% respectively. These chemical characters could be applied as additional taxonomic parameters in distinguishing between these two species of Irvingia. In addition, the findings have shown that these various parts of both species could be useful in pharmaceutical preparations and ethnobotany as food and drug.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Botany, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

  • Department of Botany, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

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